A project is a unique endeavor to produce a set of deliverables within a clearly specified time, cost and quantity constraints. It is a series of tasks, arranged in a defined sequence or relationship that produces a pre-defined output or effect and always has a start, middle and an end. A project can be considered to be the achievement of a specific objective, which involves a series of activities and tasks which consume resources. It has to be completed within a set specification, having definite start and end dates.A project is a unique endeavour to produce a set of deliverables within a clearly specified time, cost and quantity constraints. It is a series of tasks, arranged in a defined sequence or relationship that produces a pre-defined output or effect and always has a start, middle and an end. A project can be considered to be the achievement of a specific objective, which involves a series of activities and tasks which consume resources. It has to be completed within a set specification, having definite start and end dates.
Project management refers to the skills, tools and management processes required to undertake a project successfully. Project management can be defined as the process of controlling the achievement of the project objectives utilising the existing organisational structures and resources. It seeks to manage the project by applying a collection of tools and techniques without adversely disturbing the routine operation of the company or organisation.
Project management comprises a set of skills, specialist knowledge, skills and experience required to reduce the level of risk within a project and thereby enhance its likelihood of success. A series of processes, various management techniques and processes are required to monitor and control time, cost, quality and scope on projects. Examples include time management, cost management, quality management, change management, risk management and issue management.
The use of project management has become associated with complex problems which are inevitably called a project. Consequently, the success of project management has often been associated with the final outcome of the project. Overtime, it has been shown that project management and project success are not necessarily directly related. The objectives of both the project management and project are different and the control of time, cost and progress which are often the project management objectives should not be confused with measuring the project success. Also, experience has shown that it is possible to achieve a successful project even when management has failed, and vice versa. Project management can be applied in different sectors such as mining and construction.
Project management is a relevant subject in the construction industry. Although it is considered as an irrelevant subject in construction industry, the management processes can prove its relevance for the successful completion of a construction project. A background of the project management process can be able to highlight that project management is of much relevance in the construction industry.
The project management process has various stages that are followed and usually start with the ‘terms of reference’. This is when some reference to some previously carried out projects is done. By referring to a once carried out project it helps identify the processes to be followed. Looking at a similar, previously carried out project is the first project management process ,determining the nature of the project and helping the project manager to plan.
Upon looking at the terms of reference and determining the nature of the project, planning comes next. When planning the project, various factors are looked into, activities is one of them. In a construction project, activities such as surveying the site, grading and surfacing of roads are identified so as to determine the required and available resources which will also determine the duration estimated to complete that particular activity of the project as well as the project, wholly. After identifying the range of activities in the project, as well as the resources, available and required, and also estimating the duration, the team to carry out the various activities has to be identified. In a construction project, the team usually involves town planners, land surveyors, architects, civil, mechanical and electrical engineers.
Once the team has been identified, the project plan is communicated to the relevant team. Then there is allocation of project activities to the relevant personnel, that is, for example, land surveyors are given the area that needs to be surveyed.
As the project gets into motion, there is managing of the various activities of the project as well as motivation of the responsible personnel. Motivation may include incentives and or some overtime remuneration offered as a way of motivating workers to carry out their activities in the minimum possible time so as to complete the project within the estimated period.
The project manager then evaluates the project process. This involves checking on the progress of the project activities, monitoring and measuring project process. After the evaluation of the project, the project is officially completed and then followed up.
However, project management process cannot be complete without management elements, also known as management functions. Project management as a tool to undertake a project successfully cannot function in isolation with the management elements which include, planning, organising, leading and controlling.
ARTICLE WRITTEN BY
PRISCILLAH MUNANGATIRE
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