Planning, as it is known, is the first of the four management functions which without any doubt is always done first wherever the act of management takes place. Planning on its own is a process with different phases. It can be described as the act of identifying goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and best way of using resources needed to achieve them.
The planning process can be described as having four different phases. These can be identified as firstly, establishing objectives and their priority, secondly, forecasting future events which can affect accomplishment of objectives, thirdly, making the plans operational through budgeting and finally, making and implementing policies which direct activities towards the desired activities.
In the first phase, where objectives are established and their order of priority, it is when the project management personnel identifies what needs to be achieved, the steps to be taken and the order these steps should take. Here the parties involved include town planners and civil engineers and the project manager say for a construction project. This is where objective and goals are established that need to be accomplished in the project.
When objectives have been identified, forecasting future events which can affect accomplishment of objectives is done. In a construction project, the future event which is carrying out of the project might affect the environment. Therefore, an environmental impact assessment needs to be carried out to help forecast the impact of the project on the environment. Here, the parties involved are environmentalists. With reference to Zimbabwe, the responsible authority for this, is the Environmental Management Agency.
Then the plans need to be made operational through budgeting. Usually, in a construction project the parties involved include civil engineers, quantity surveyors and the project manager to come up with a budget identifying quantity of material required thus the finance required.
Finally, policies are made and implemented so as to direct activities towards the desired objectives. This involves setting ground rules before commencing the project, setting protocol to be followed in the operation of the project, any other issues that may direct activities in achieving the project completion within the expected period. This stage involves parties as such appointed as the project management personnel.
ARTICLE WRITTEN BY
PRISCILLAH MUNANGATIRE
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